Suchergebnisse

Das Lehrbuch zur Gerontopsychologie gibt einen verständlichen Überblick über die Grundlagen und Mechanismen des Alterns und zeigt Ansatzpunkte für erfolgreiches und gesundes Altern im Sinne der Lebensspannenpsychologie auf. Theorien zur Gerontopsychologie, empirische Befunde und Anwendungsbeispiele aus verschiedenen Disziplinen (Psychologie, Neurowissenschaften, Bewegungswissenschaften, Biologie u. a.) beleuchten den Alternsprozess in all seinen Facetten. Dabei werden pathologische Alterungsprozesse und altersbedingte Krankheiten ebenso beschrieben wie Strategien der Prävention und Intervention. Berücksichtigt wird immer auch der soziale Kontext (Arbeit, Familie, Gesellschaft) der Altersentwicklung.

Das Lehrbuch zur Gerontopsychologie gibt einen verständlichen Überblick über die Grundlagen und Mechanismen des Alterns und zeigt Ansatzpunkte für erfolgreiches und gesundes Altern im Sinne der Lebensspannenpsychologie auf. Theorien zur Gerontopsychologie, empirische Befunde und Anwendungsbeispiele aus verschiedenen Disziplinen (Psychologie, Neurowissenschaften, Bewegungswissenschaften, Biologie u. a.) beleuchten den Alternsprozess in all seinen Facetten. Dabei werden pathologische Alterungsprozesse und altersbedingte Krankheiten ebenso beschrieben wie Strategien der Prävention und Intervention. Berücksichtigt wird immer auch der soziale Kontext (Arbeit, Familie, Gesellschaft) der Altersentwicklung.

Background: This study aimed to identify latent moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary behavior (SB) trajectories in older adults participating in a randomized intervention trial and to explore associations with baseline social-cognitive predictors. Methods: Data were assessed at baseline (T0, participants were inactive or had recently become active), after a ten-week physical activity intervention (T1), and a second 24-week intervention phase (T2). Latent class growth analysis was used on accelerometer-assessed weekly MVPA and daily SB, respectively (n = 215 eligible participants). Activity changes within trajectory classes and baseline social-cognitive predictor differences between trajectory classes were analyzed. Results: A "stable insufficient MVPA" (n = 197, p for difference in MVPA level at T0 and T2 (pT0-T2) = .789, effect size (Cohen's d) = .03) and a "stable high MVPA" trajectory (n = 18, pT0-T2 = .137, d = .39), as well as a "slightly decreasing high SB" (n = 63, p for difference in SB (pT0-T2) = .022, d = .36) and a "slightly increasing moderate SB" trajectory (n = 152, pT0-T2 = .019, d = .27) emerged. Belonging to the "stable high MVPA" trajectory was associated with higher action planning levels compared to the "stable insufficient MVPA" trajectory (M = 5.46 versus 4.40, d = .50). Belonging to the "decreasing high SB" trajectory was associated with higher action self-efficacy levels compared to the "increasing moderate SB" trajectory (M = 5.27 versus 4.72, d = .33). Conclusions: Change occurred heterogeneously in latent (not directly observed) subgroups, with significant positive trajectories only observed in the highly sedentary. Trial registration: German Registry of Clinical Trials, DRKS00016073, Registered 10 January 2019.

Virtual reality technology can be used for ecologically valid assessment and rehabilitation of cognitive deficits. This article expands the scope of applications to ecologically valid multitasking. A commercially available driving simulator was upgraded by adding an ever-changing sequence of concurrent, everyday-like tasks. Furthermore, the simulator software was modified and interfaced with a non-motorized treadmill to yield a pedestrian street crossing simulator. In the latter simulator, participants walk on through a virtual city, stop at busy streets to wait for a gap in traffic, and then cross. Again, a sequence of everyday-like tasks is added. A feasibility study yielded adequate "presence" in both virtual scenarios, and plausible data about performance decrements under multi-task compared to single-task conditions. The present approach could be suitable for the assessment and training of multitasking skills in older adults and neurological patients.

Regular physical activity (PA) is of central importance for healthy ageing. However, in Germany, only 42% of older adults currently reach the PA recommendations of the World Health Organization. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of two web-based interventions on PA in adults aged 65–75 years living in Northwestern Germany compared to a delayed intervention control group (CG). 589 older adults were randomized to one of the three groups. Participants in intervention group 1 (IG1) received access to a web-based intervention for ten weeks assisting them in self-tracking PA behavior. Participants in IG2 received the intervention of IG1 and additionally an activity tracker to objectively track PA behavior. To analyze differences in objectively measured moderate-to-vigorous PA and sedentary time between baseline and follow-up (12 weeks after baseline), linear mixed models were used. The interaction effects revealed a decrease in minutes spent on moderate-to-vigorous PA in bouts of 10 min by 11 min per week in IG1 participants (β = −11.08, 95% CI: (−35.03; 12.87)). In comparison, IG2 participants were 7 min more physically active at follow-up (β = 7.48, 95% CI: (−17.64; 32.60)). Sedentary time in bouts of 30 min per week increased in IG1 participants (β = 106.77, 95% CI: (−47.69; 261.23)) and decreased in IG2 participants at follow-up (β = −16.45, 95% CI: (−178.83; 145.94)). Participation in the two web-based interventions did not lead to significant increases in moderate-to-vigorous PA or significant decreases in sedentary time compared to the CG.

Ursula M. Staudinger, Benjamin Godde, Heike Heidemeier, Brigitte Kudielka-Wüst, Klaus Schömann, Christian Stamov-Roßnagel, Claudia Voelcker-Rehage und Sven Voelpel sind Mitglieder der "demopass" Projektgruppe am Jacobs Center on Lifelong Learning and Inst